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,PR9T PAGES #EC-AJH P#A
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,PAGE
#4.4.3 ,=MAT (3T9U$) ,,,,,,,,,,, #53
#4.5 ,MISCELLANE\S ,SYMBOLS """""" #71
#4.5.1 ,*EMICAL ,P]IOD """"""""" #71
#4.5.2 ,SEP>ATORS OR ,"PI;NS """ #71
#4.6 ,NEME? ,NOT,N 9 ,*EMICAL
,EQU,NS """""""""""""""""""""" #73
#4.7 ,FACTOR-,LABEL OR ,FRAC;N
,-PUT,N ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, #75
#4.7.1 ,=MAT """"""""""""""""""" #75
#4.7.2 ,RUNOV]S """""""""""""""" #75
#4.8 ,DIAGRAMS """"""""""""""""""" #78
#4.9 ,VOLTAIC (,ELECTRO*EMICAL OR
,GALVANIC ,CELL) ,NOT,N """""" #79
#5 ,,LABELS """""""""""""""""""""""" #81
#5.1 ,LABELS 6,*EMICAL ,EXPRES.NS #81
#5.2 ,REM>KS OR ,3DI;NS """""""""" #86
#5.3 ,LABEL$ ,,SYMBOLS & ,BONDS "" #87
#5.3.1 ,*A9S """"""""""""""""""" #87
#5.3.2 ,R+S """""""""""""""""""" #99
P#C
,,BRL ,,CODE ,,= ,,*EMICAL #EC
,,NOT,N
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-11_3 (V]TICAL BONDS)
,R
_P
[O
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#4.4.3-11 #HC ,R A#EC
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[O
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-------------------------------------#ED
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-12_3 (WAVY HORIZONTAL
BOND)
,N,H2
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,C ,C _/
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#A
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_ _ _
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#4.4.3.11--#4.4.3-12 #HE ,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-13_3 (EXT5D$ TILDE #EE
= OMIS.N ( "P ( -P.D2 N A WAVY HORI-
ZONTAL BOND)
[O_3][O
_// _**
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-------------------------------------#EF
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-14_3 (,THE BRACKET
EXT5D+ "? BONDS M/ 2 DRAWN = R1DABIL-
;Y4 ,AC 6! ,NEME? ,CODE1 ! SUBSCRIPT
#3 : APPLIES 6! MAT]IAL 5CLOS$ 9
BRACKETS M/ 2 TOP JU/IFI$ &! SUBSCRIPT
9DICATOR US$4 ,! SUP]SCRIPT #2+
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,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-15_3 (HORIZONTAL #EG
BOND "? V]TICAL D\# BOND)
_
[O
_// _*
[O [O
_ _3__3],S,O3^-",H^+
[O [O
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[O
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-------------------------------------#EH
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-16_3 (EXT5D$ TILDE
REPRES5T+ OMIS.N ( "P (A -P.D2 N A
WAVY V]TICAL BOND)
,',IN PR9T1 A LABEL IS %[N 2N EA*
L9K4 ,9 BRL1 ! LABELS >E 9 =MULA OR-
D] & PLAC$ ABV ! *EMICAL =MULA4,'
#4.4.3-14--#4.4.3-16 #HI A#EH
,SUGAR $O PHENYLHYDRAZONE $O OSAZONE
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,C,H_7],N_3],N,H,C6,H5
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@,:
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-17_3 (4PLAY$ #EI
/RUCTURE ) ID5TIFI] 6! "R 9 PR9T1 MOV$
6LEFT 9 BRL2 REQUIRES A NOTE ON
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(3-8C) ,C,H2_3],C,H2*+,BR_3],BR
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#4.4.3-16--#4.4.3-17 #IA ,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-18_3 (SPATIAL A#EI
MAT]IAL EMB$D$ 9 N>RATIVE TEXT)
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,C,H3_3],C_3],O,H & REACTS ) BASES 6=M
SALTS (EQU,N (2-18))_4
-------------------------------------#FJ
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-19_3 (SPATIAL /RUCTURE
REQUIR+ RUNOV] 6ANO!R PAGE2 3TA9S
V]TICAL WAVY BOND)
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#4.4.3-18--#4.4.3-19 #IC #A B#FJ
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-------------------------------------#FA
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-20_3 (L;G /RUCTURE
REQUIR+ ?REE PAGES2 RUNOV]S />T 9
ID5TICAL CELL NUMB] Z MAT]IAL 2+
3T9U$)
,H_3][O_3],O,H #FB
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#4.4.3-20 #IG ,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-21_3 (SPATIAL #FE
/RUCTURE REQUIR+ ?REE BRL PAGES )
?REE RUNOV] SITES ON EA* PAGE2 ,ALL
/>T 9 CELL #1 6AVOID ANO!] PAGE (
RUNOV] L9ES)
,,FAT ,,MOLECULE A#FE
,H ,O ,H ,H ,H ,H
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,H_3],C_3],O_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C#A
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#4.4.3-21 #II #FF
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _
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,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
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#C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C#D
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
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A#FF
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
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#B_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],H
_ _ _ _ _ _
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
_ _ _ _ _ _
#D_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],H
_ _ _ _ _ _
,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
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_ _ _ _ _ _
#F_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],C_3],H
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,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ,H
-------------------------------------#FG
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-22_3 (?REE -MON PR9T
/RUCTURAL REPRES5T,NS ( B5Z5E R+S)
#4.4.3-21--#4.4.3-22 #AJA [O [O [O A#FG
_/ _** _/ _* _/ _*
[O [O [O [O [O [O
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,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-23_4 (-PLETELY /RUCTUR$
B5Z5E R+)
,H
_
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_ $BC _
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,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-24_3 (B5Z5E R+ #FH
US$ 9 MOLECULE ( TOLU5E)
[O
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#4.4.3-22--#4.4.3-24 #AJC ,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-25_3 (RESON.E A#FH
HYBRID B*Z5E R+)
[O
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-------------------------------------#FI
,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-26_3 (3 HORIZONTAL B>S
M1N+ 3GRU5T1 N TRIPLE BOND2 V]TICAL
BOND ) SUP]IMPOS$ CLOCKWISE >R[)
,C,O,O,H A#FI
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( 9COMPLETE MOLECULE ) REP1T+ PATT]N (
R+S2 TRANSCRIBE 5 BRL 6CLE>LY
ILLU/RATE ! PATT]N3 REQUIRES A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE)
-------------------------------------#GJ
,',THE PR9T 4PLAY %[S A POR;N
(A L>GE MOLECULE ) REP1T+ UNITS2
ONLY 5 BRL IS GIV5 6ILLU/RATE !
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#4.4.3-27 #AJG #4.5 .,MISCELLANE\S .,SYMBOLS #GA
#4.5.1 .,*EMICAL .,P]IOD4 ,! *EMI-
CAL P]IOD IS N A M>K ( PUNCTU,N B IS A
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WAT])
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#4.5.2 .,SEP>ATORS .OR .,"PI;NS4
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#4.5--#4.5.2 #AJI ,EXAMPLE #4.5.2-1_3 (JA7$ #GB
HORIZONTAL L9E)
POSSI# 9T]M$IATE
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V]TICAL L9E)
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,EXAMPLE #4.5.2-3_3 (BROK5 V]TICAL L9E)
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#4.5.2-1--#4.5.2-3 #AAA #4.6 ..,NEME? ,NOT,N 9 ,*EMI- A#GC
CAL .,EQU,NS4 ,*EMICAL EQU,NS (T5 3TA9
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CATES PRECIPIT,N)
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,EXAMPLE #4.6-2_3
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#2,H2(G)+2,N,O(G) $O ,N2(G)+2,H2,O(G)
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#4.7 ..,FACTOR-,LABEL OR ,FRAC;N
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FRAC;N L9E (! FRAC;NS4
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NEC 9 BRL, BR1K AF "O (! V]TICAL L9ES4
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L9E M/ H A BLANK CELL ABV & 2L X4 ,C5T]
! 5TRIES ON ! FRAC;N L9E4
,EXAMPLE #4.7.2-1_3 B#GE
#10.0 [;G ,H3,P,O4] _
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_
#1 [MOL ,H3,P,O4] _
333333333333333333333_
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AMPLES #5.3.2-8 & #5.3.2-9_4)
#4.7.2-2--#4.8 #AAG
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HORIZONTAL BRACE 69DICATE POR;N (
MOLECULE 2+ LABEL$2 4PLAY$1 B />TS 9
CELL #1_2 RUNOV] AT -P>ISON SIGN N
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#4.9 .,VOLTAIC .,CELL .,NOT,N #GI
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L9ES)
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,ZN\,ZN^2+"(C1)@\,ZN^2+"(C2)\,ZN
,! S+LE V]TICAL B>S REPRES5T PHASE B.D-
>IES1 ! DA%$ V]TICAL B>S REPRES5T A
JUNC;N 2T TWO MISCI# LIQUIDS1 &! D\#
DA%$ V]TICAL B>S REPRES5T A 8SALT
BRIDGE0 MADE UP (A 3C5TRAT$ SOLU;N (
POTASSIUM *LORIDE OR AMMONIUM NITRATE4
,X IS NEC 6USE A SALT BRIDGE '''
#5 ,,LABELS #HJ-HA
#5.1 ..,LABELS 6,*EMICAL .,EXPRES-
S.NS4 ,9 PR9T1 LABELS OR EXPLAN,NS 6*EM-
ICAL EXPRES.NS (T5 APPE> 9 ! M>G91 6! "R
OR LEFT1 ABV OR 2L ! MAT]IAL 2+ LABEL$4
,^! LABELS MAY APPLY 6! -PLETE EXPRES.N
OR /RUCTURE OR 6POR;NS ( X4 ,9 BRL1 !
LABELS >E NORM,Y PLAC$ 2F ! EXPRES.N1
ALIGN$ )! F/ CELL (! EXPRES.N & M/ 2
PREC$$ 0A BLANK L9E4 ,IF X IS N
PRACTICAL 6PLACE ! LABEL ABV ! MAT]IAL
)\T 4RUPT+ ! >RANGE;T1 ALT]NATE ME?ODS
M/ 2 US$4 ,AT "TS X IS POSSI# 6>RANGE !
LABELS 9 ! =M ( AN EQU,N4 (,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#5.1-6_4) ,:5 ! LABELS APPLY 6ONLY "S
MOLECULES OR 6A POR;N (A MOLECULE1 ALIGN
! LABEL )! MOLECULE OR POR;N 2+ LABEL$4
(,SEE ,EXAMPLES #5.1-7 & #5.1-8_4)
,C>E M/ 2 TAK5 6PLACE LABELS 9 S* A
WAY T !Y D N 9T]F]E )! ACTUAL /RUCTURE &
YET MAKE X CLE> Z 6: POR;N (! /RUCTURE
IS 2+ LABEL$4 ,"S"TS X W 2 NEC 6SPUR 9
L1D L9ES OR HORIZONTAL BRACES4 ,A *ANGE
9 =MAT REQUIRES A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 2F !
#5.1 #ABG TRANSCRIP;N4 A#HA
,EXAMPLE #5.1-1_3 (PR9T LABEL 2L
HORIZONTAL 4PLAY$ /RUCTURE)
E?YNE (ACETYL5E)
,H_3],C_=],C_3],H
-------------------------------------#HB
,EXAMPLE #5.1-2_3 (PR9T LABEL 2L SPATIAL
/RUCTURE)
,P,G,F;.B
,O,H ,R1
_P _X/
[O_3][O
_/ _
[O _
_* _
[O_3][O
_X/ _*
,H,O ,R2
,EXAMPLE #5.1-3_3 (PR9T LABEL 6! A#HB
"R ( SPATIAL /RUCTURE)
#2-BUTANOL
,C,H3,C,H,C,H2,C,H3
_
,O,H
,EXAMPLE #5.1-4_3 (PR9T LABEL 9 LEFT
M>G9)
,ALCOHOL
,R_3],O,H
-------------------------------------#HC
,EXAMPLE #5.1-5_3 (PR9T LABEL ABV
SPATIAL /RUCTURE)
#5.1.1-1--#5.1-5 #ABI ,MOD]N SYMBOLISM = B5Z5E A#HC
[O
_/ _*
[O [O
_ $C _
[O [O
_* _/
[O
,EXAMPLE #5.1-6_3 (IN PR9T1 EA* MOLECULE
OR ATOM LABEL$ 2L2 LABELS 9 EQU,N =M 9
BRL2 M/ 2 EXPLA9$ 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE4) @(,SEE ,EXAMPLE #4.4.3-16 = AN
EXAMPLE ( AN APPROPRIATE NOTE4@)
METHANE+CHLORINE ATOM
$O METHYL RADICAL+HYDROGEN *LORIDE
,H ,H
? ? ? ?
,H?,C?,H+?,CL* $O ,H?,C*+,H?,CL?
? ? ? ?
,H ,H
,EXAMPLE #5.1-9_3 (PRIM>Y LABEL Z #HE
WELL Z 9DIVIDUAL LABELS)
,PUR9ES
,AD59E (,A)
,N,H2
_
,N [O
_// _* _/ _*
_// [O ,N
[O _ $C _
_* _ _
_* [O [O
_* _/ _* _/
,N ,N
_
#5.1-9 #ACE ,GUAN9E (,G) A#HE
,O
__
,N [O
_// _* _/ _*
_// [O ,N,H
[O __ _
_* __ _
_* [O [O
_* _/ _* _// _*
,N ,N ,N,H2
_
#5.2 .,REM>KS .OR .,3DI;NS4 #HF
,REM>KS OR 3DI;NS %D 2 TR1T$ 9 ! SAME
MANN] Z REM>KS OR 3DI;NS 6MA!MATICAL
EXPRES.NS1 BLOCK$ #6 CELLS 6! "R (! />T
(! EXPRES.N4
,EXAMPLE #5.2-1_3 (/RUCTURE ) M>G9AL
REM>KS2 TRANSCRIB]'S GR\P+ SYMBOLS
US$2 :AT APPE>S Z A BOLD DOT IS A
NORMAL ELECTRON DOT 9 ? TEXT)
[,O[ ,')^-
> ,')
[ > [ ,')
[,O#,N>,O%,')
[ [ ,')
,9 ,N,O3"^-, ALL BOND L5G?S >E
EQUAL4
,EXAMPLE #5.2-2_3 (PR9T %[S REM>KS
FOLL[+ ON ! SAME L9E Z ! SPATIAL
/RUCTURE)
#5.1-9--#5.2-2 #ACG ? A#HF
?,O?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?,O?,CL?,O?^-"+,O? $O ?,O?,CL?,O?^-
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
,OXID,N NUMB] +5
-------------------------------------#HG
#5.3 ..,LABELS ,,SYMBOLS & .,BONDS4
,^! LABELS >E (T5 CALL$ M>K]S OR NUMB]$
ATOMS4 ,!Y MAY 3SI/ ( NUMB]S1 LRS1
,GREEK LRS1 A/]ISKS OR O!R SYMBOLS & MAY
APPE> 9 3JUNC;N ) ,,SYMBOLS = ATOMS1
V]TICES ON R+ /RUCTURES OR BONDS4 ,!
PR9T] FREQU5TLY PLACES ! LABELS 9 ! MO/
3V5I5T POSI;NS4 ,9 L9E> /RUCTURES !Y
USU,Y O3UR DIRECTLY OV] OR "U ! ,,SYMBOL
OR BOND 6: !Y APPLY4 ,9 SPATIAL
/RUCTURES !Y MAY APPE> Z IF !Y 7
SUP]SCRIPTS OR SUBSCRIPTS4 ,! TRANSCRIB]
C DET]M9E F 3TEXT ! M1N+ (! MAT]IAL4
,NORM,Y ! FOLL[+ >E SUP]SCRIPTS OR
SUBSCRIPTS3
,ELECTRON *>GE OR1 O3A.N,Y1 ISOM] A#HG
NUMB] Z 9 ,U^238_2 "R SUP]SCRIPT4
,NUMB] ( ATOMS OR1 IF ) ;,R OR ,GREEK
LR1 AN ID5TIFI]1 "R SUBSCRIPT4
,MASS NUMB]2 LEFT SUP]SCRIPT4
,ATOMIC NUMB]2 LEFT SUBSCRIPT4
,PRIMES ) ;,R (UNSPECIFI$ *A9 OR R+)
OR ,GREEK LR2 ID5TIFI]S4
#5.3.1 .,*A9S3 ,9 BRL TRANSCRIP-
;NS1 3SI/5T PLACE;T ( LABEL OR MARK] IS
IMPORTANT AL? N ALW POSSI#4 ,:5 POSSI#1
! LABEL %D 2 PLAC$ IMMLY ABV ! APPLICA#
,,SYMBOL OR BOND4 ,:5 V]TICAL BONDS >E
PRES5T & ,,SYMBOLS >E LABEL$1 ! LABELS
%D 2 PLAC$ 6! LEFT (! BOND4 ,:5 OBLIQUE
BONDS >E PRES5T1 PLACE ! LABEL ON ! SAME
SIDE (! BOND Z ! ,,SYMBOL 6: X APPLIES4
,,NOTE3 ,EXAMPLES #5.3.1-1 &
#5.3.1-2 >E F ! SAME TEXT & %[ PR9T
PLACE;T ( NUMB]S V>I$ 6A3OMMODATE
DI6];E 9 /RUCTURE4
#5.2-2--#5.3.1 #ACI ,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-1_4 (NUMB]S 2L B#HG
,,SYMBOLS 9 PR9T)
,C,H3
_
#1 #2_ #3 #4 #5
,C,H3_3],C,H_3],C,H2_3],C,H2_3],C,H2
#6
_3],C,H3
-------------------------------------#HH
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-2_4 (NUMB]S ABV
,,SYMBOLS)
#1 #2 #3
,C,H3_3],C,H2_3],C,H_3],C,H3
_
#4_
,C,H2
_
#5_
,C,H3
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-3_3 (POR;N (A TEXT #HI
PAGE ILLU/RAT+ 9CONSI/5T PLACE;T (
NUMB]S2 "S APPE> Z "R SUP]SCRIPTS &
O!RS Z LEFT SUP]SCRIPTS)
-ES F ! C>BON ON : ! D\# BOND 2G9S1 & IS
ALW PLAC$ 2F ! "N (! P>5T -P.D4
#1-BUT5E
,H ,H ,H ,H
_* _ _ _
_*#1 #2_ #3_ #4_
,C_7],C_3],C_3],C_3],H
_/ _ _
,H _ _
,H ,H
#5.3.1-1--#5.3.1-3 #ADA #2-BUT5E A#HI
,H ,H ,H ,H
_ _ _ _
#1_ #2_ #3_ #4_
,H_3],C_3],C_7],C_3],C_3],H
_ _
,H ,H
-------------------------------------#IJ
,ALK5ES >E NUMB]$ S T ! L[E/ POSI;N
NUMB] IS ASSIGN$ 6! F/ C>BON ATOM 6: !
D\# BOND IS ATTA*$4 ,! P>5T -P.D IS "ND
F ! L;GE/ 3T9U\S *A9 3TA9+ A D\# BOND4
,?US1 ! "N (! FOLL[+ ALK5E IS
#3-PROPYL-#1-HEPT5E4
#3-PROPYL-#1-HEPT5E A#IJ
#A
,C,H2
__
#2__
,C,H
_
#7 #6 #5 #4 #3_
,C,H3_3],C,H2_3],C,H2_3],C,H2_3],C,H
_3],C,H2_3],C,H2_3],C,H3
-------------------------------------#IA
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-4_3 (NUMB]S ADJAC5T TO
OBLIQUE BONDS 9 PR9T2 A SUP]SCRIPT :
APPLIES 6! 5TIRE /RUCTURE)
#5.3.1-3--#5.3.1-4 #ADC ,E,D,T,A ION A#IA
,O ,H2
#1 __ _
,O_3],C_3],C
_* ,H2 ,H2
_*#2 _ _
,N_3],C_3],C#A
_/
#5 _/
,O_3],C_3],C
__ _
,O ,H2
,H2 ,O ,')^2-
_ __ #4,')
,C_3],C_3],O,')
_/ ,')
#3_/ ,')
#A_3],N ,')
_* ,')
_* #6,')
,C_3],C_3],O,')
_ __ ,')
,H2 ,O ,') ,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-5 (OXID,N NUMB]S #IB
ABV ,,SYMBOLS)
,! OXID,N NUMB] ( ELE;T>Y *LOR9E IS
#0
Z]O3 ,CL (,RULE #1)_4 ,! OXID,N NUMB] (
-#1
*LORIDE ION IS M9US "O3 ,CL^- (,RULE
#2)_4
#0 #0 +1 -#1
,NA+,CL $O ,NA^+",CL^-
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-6_3 (OXID,N NUMB]S ABV
,,SYMBOLS REQUIR+ SPAC+ ADJU/;TS)
+1 -#1 +1 +7 -#2
,H,CL+ ,K,MN,O4
+1 -#2 +1 -#1 +2 -#1 #0
$O ,H2,O+ ,K,CL+,MN,CL2+,CL2
#5.3.1-4--#5.3.1-6 #ADE ,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-7_3 (OXID,N A#IB
NUMB]S -B9$ ) ELECTRON *>GE SYMBOLS)
+7 +2
,MN+5E^- $O ,MN^2+
-------------------------------------#IC
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-8_3 (POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
SIGNS ABV ,,SYMBOLS)
#2,H,C_=],C,H+2,NA
DRY - +
$333O #2,H,C_=],C,NA+,H2$<
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-9_3 (POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
SIGNS )9 CIRCLES ABV ,,SYMBOLS)
$C+ $C-
,H_3],N_7],N_7],N
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-10_3 (NUMB] ) #ID
NEGATIVE SIGN ABV ,,SYMBOLS)
#0 -#1
#2,BR+2E^- $O #2,BR^-
,BROM9E IS ! OXIDIZ+ AG5T2 MAGNESIUM IS
! REDUC+ AG5T4
+2 -#1
,9 ! =MULA ,MG^2+",BR2^- ! ALGEBRAIC
SUM ( +2 & #2(-1) EQUALS Z]O4 ,NOTE H[ !
ALGEBRAIC SUM (! OXID,N NUMB]S (! ATOMS
9 A =MULA IS DET]M9$4 ,EA* OXID,N NUMB]
M/ 2 MULTIPLI$ 0! NUMB] ( ATOMS OR
MONATOMIC IONS HAV+ T OXID,N NUMB]4 ,!
=MULAS ( IONIC -P.DS M]ELY 9DICATE !
RELATIVE NUMB]S ( POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
IONS : -B9E4 ,"!=E1 ..ALL =MULAS = IONIC
-P.DS >E .EMPIRICAL4
-------------------------------------#IE
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-11_3 (POSITIVE SIGN 2L
,,SYMBOL 9 PR9T)
#5.3.1-7--#5.3.1-11 #ADG ,C,H3 A#IE
_*
,C_7],C,H2+,H,CL
_/
,C,H3
,C,H3
_*+
$O ,C_3],C,H3 NOT
_/
,C,H3
,C,H3
_
,C,H3_3],C_3],C,H2^+
_
,H
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-12_3 (OXID,N SIGNS -B9$
) ELECTRON DOTS)
+
? ?
_3],N_7],N,CL^-
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-13_3 (A/]ISKS #IF
LABEL+ ATOMS 2+ 4CUSS$ 9 ! TEXT)
@#
#3,C,H3,C,O2,H
,C,H3
_*
VIA _*@#
$333333333333O ,C_3],C,H2
ACETYL-,CO,A _//
_//
,C,H2
,O ,O
@# __ __
_3],C,H2_3],O_3],P_3],O_3],P
_ _
,O,H ,O,H
_3],O,H
#5.3.1-11--#5.3.1-13 #ADI #5.3.1-14_3 (A/]ISKS US$ Z M>K]S) #IG
,! ATOMS M>K$ ) AN A/]ISK T5D 6LIE 9 A
S+LE PLANE4
@#
,H ,O
_ _//
@#_ @#_//
,R_3],C_3],C ,R
_ _* _
,N,H2 _*@# @#_
,N_3],C_3],C,O,O,H
_ _
@#_ _
,H ,H
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-15_3 (A/]ISKS US$ A#IG
6M>K ASYMMETRIC C>BON ATOMS)
,O ,H ,H ,O
_** _ _ _//
_** @#_ @#_ _//
,C_3],C_3],C_3],C
_/ _ _ _*
_/ _ _ _*
,H,O ,O,H ,CL ,O,H
-------------------------------------#IH
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-16_3 (ALPHA AM9O ACID
C>BON LABEL$)
,O
.A _//
,R_3],C,H_3],C
_ _*
,N,H2 ,O,H
#5.3.1-14--#5.3.1-16 #AEA ,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-17_3 (AM9O ACID ) A#IH
BO? ALPHA & BETA C>BONS LABEL$)
,O
.B .A _//
,C,H3_3],C,H_3],C
_ _*
,N,H2 ,O,H
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-18_3 (ATOMS M>K$ )
DELTAS C>RY+ SUBSCRIPTS)
.D;- .D;+ .D;-
,H_3],O_11],H_3],O_11],H_3],O_11]
_ _ _
,H ,H ,H
-------------------------------------#II
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-19_3 (B> OV] ;,P 6%[ T X
IS AN A2REVI,N = P]MUTITE1 N
PHOSPHORUS)
#2,NA,CL+,CA,P:;2 $O ,CA,CL2+2,NA,P:_4
,EXAMPLE #5.3.1-20_3 (DOT OV] LRS A#II
Z ID5TIFI]S2 BO? NORMAL & SMALL
CAPITAL LRS 9CLUD$)
",V<*]@",A_/",Q<*]@",S
#5.3.2 .,R+S4 ,9 R+ /RUCTURES1 !
LABELS %D 2 PLAC$ \TSIDE ! R+ REG>D.S (!
PLACE;T 9 PR9T & %D APPE> ABV ! LABEL$
,,SYMBOLS 6: !Y APPLY4 ,! LABEL 6A TOP
V]TEX ) NO BONDS ABV %D 2 PLAC$ IMMLY
ABV ! ,,SYMBOL4 ,IF "O APPLIES 6A BOTTOM
V]TEX ) NO BONDS 2L1 PLACE ! LABEL IMMLY
2L ! ,,SYMBOL4
#5.3.1-17--#5.3.2 #AEC ,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-1_3 (JO9$ R+S2 #AJJ
\T] V]TICES NUMB]$)
#1 #1
[O [O
_/ _* _/ _*
#2_/ _* _/ _*#2
[O [O [O
_ _ _
#2_ $C _ $C _#2
[O [O [O
_* _/ _* _/
_* _/ _* _/
[O [O
#1 #1
,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-2L3 (SIMPLE R+ ) A#AJJ
"S ATOMS 9CLUD$2 EA* V]TEX & ,,SYMBOL
LABEL$)
#4
[O
_/ _**
#5_/ _**#3
[O ,N
__ _
#6__ _#2
[O [O
_* _//
_* _//
,N
#1
#5.3.2-1--#5.3.2-2 #AEE ,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-3_3 ,SIMPLE R+ ) #AJA
BRAN*ES2 EA* V]TEX NUMB]$)
,X
_
#1_
[O ,X
_/ _** _/
#6_/ _**#2_/
[O [O
__ _
#5__ _#3
[O [O
_* _//
_* _//
[O
#4
,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-4_3 (R+S ) NUM- A#AJA
B]S 9SIDE ! R+S)
#6-,ME?YLAD59E
,H,N,C,H3
_
#6_ #7
,C ,N
_// _* _/ _**
#1_// _*#5_/ _**
,N ,C _**#8
_ __ ,C,H
#2_ __ _/
,H,C ,C _/
_** _/#4_* _/
_** _/ _* _/#9
,N ,N
#3 ,H
#5.3.2-3--#5.3.2-4 #AEG ,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-5_3 (R+ ) ATOMS #AJB
9CLUD$2 "S NUMB]$2 BROK5 OBLIQUE BOND)
,H ,C6,H5
_* _/
,N
_
,N
_//_2*
#1_// _;*
,C,H ,H
_ _
#2_ _
,C ,N_3],C6,H5
_/ _** _/
_/ _** _/
_/ ,N
_/
(,C,H,O,H);N
_
,C,H2,O,H
,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-6_3 (R+S ) ATOMS A#AJB
9CLUD$2 NUMB]$ R&OMLY)
------------------------------------#AJC
#2'-,DEOXYAD5OS9E
,N,H2
_
,C ,N
_// _* _/ _**
_// _* _/ _**
,N ,C _**
_ __ ,C,H
_ __ _/
,H,C ,C _/
_** _/ _* _/
_** _/ _* _/#9
,N ,N
#A
#5.3.2-5--#5.3.2-6 #AEI #A A#AJC
#5' _
,H,O,C,H2 ,O _
_ _/ _* _
_ _/ _* _
_ _/ _* _
_ _/ _* _
#4'_ _/ _* _#1'
,C ,C
_ _V ,H ,H _V _
,H _V _ _ _V ,H
#3'_V_ __V#2'
,C_G],C
_ _
,O,H ,H
,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-7_3 (R+ ) #AJD
BRAN*ES2 NUMB]S APPE> 6BE SUBSCRIPTS &
SUP]SCRIPTS)
,H
_
#6_
,H_3],C_3],O,H
_
#5_
,C_33333],O
,H,O _/ _ _* ,H
_ _/ ,H _* _
#4_ _/ _* _#1
,C ,C
_ _* _/ _
,H _* ,O,H ,H _/ ,O,H
#3_* _ _ _/#2
,C_33333],C
_ _
,H ,O,H
#5.3.2-6--#5.3.2-7 #AFA
,,EXAMPLE #5.3.2-9_3 (TWO REP- #AJF
RES5T,NS (! SAME /]OID R+2 ! SECOND M/
2 DRAWN)
,R
_
#12 #18 #17_
[O _ [O
_/ _* _ _/ _*
#11_/ _*_ _/ _*#16
[O #13[O [O
_ ,C _ ,D _
#1 #19 #9_ _ _
[O _ [O [O_333333][O
_/ _* _ _/ _* _/#14 #15
#2 _/ _*_ _/ _* _/#8
[O #10[O [O
_ ,A _ ,B _
#3_ _ _#7
[O [O [O
_* _/#5_* _/
_* _/ _* _/
[O [O
#4 #6
#5.3.2-9 #AFE
#7 #5 #3 A#AJG
#9 ,C,H2 ,C,H2 ,C,H2
,C,H2 _/ _* _/ _* _/ _*
_/ _* _/ _* _/ _* _/ _* #A
_/ ,C,H ,C,H2 ,C,H2 ,C,H2
,C,H2 _
_* ,C,H ,C,H2 ,C,H2 ,C,H2
_* _/ _* _/ _* _/ _* _/ #B
,C,H2 _* _/ _* _/ _* _/
#11 ,C,H2 ,C,H2 ,C,H2
#13 #15 #17
#1
,C,O,O^-
_/
_/
#A
#B ,C,H3
_* _/
_* _/
,C,H2
#19
#5.3.2-10 #AFI
#6 ,,TYPE ,,=MS ,,9 #AJI
,,MA!MATICAL ,,EXPRES.NS
,MA!MATICAL EXPRES.NS & EQU,NS 9
*EMI/RY >E TRANSCRIB$ AC 6! RULES (!
,NEME? ,CODE4 @(,FOR EXCEP;NS REG>D+
RUNOV] SITES1 SEE ,SEC;N #2.3_4@) ,:5
*EMICAL ,,SYMBOLS APPE> 9 AN EXPRES.N1
AL;G ) ITALIC V>IA#S1 USE ! FOLL[+
GUIDEL9ES4
,IF DUPLICATE LRS >E 9 ! SAME ALPHABET
& SAME CASE1 B ( DI6]5T TYPE =M1 ! DIS-
T9C;N M/ 2 PRES]V$4 ,? AL APPLIES 6^?
SAME LRS :5 !Y APPE> 9 A 4CUS.N (! EX-
PRES.N 9 N>RATIVE TEXT PREC$+ AND_/OR
FOLL[+ ! EXPRES.N4
,IF S* A DUPLICAT$ LR IS AN A2REVI,N1
OR "P ( AN A2REVI,N1 ? 4T9C;N NE$ N 2
%[N4 @(,FOR EXCEP;N1 SEE ,SEC;N #9.5_4@)
,NO 4T9C;N NE$ 2 MADE IF DUPLICAT$ LRS
>E L[]CASE & "O ( !M IS ."P ( A *EMICAL
,,SYMBOL4
,^! GUIDEL9ES APPLY ONLY 6ITALICS1 &
ONLY 6MA!MATICAL EQU,NS & EXPRES.NS4
,BOLD & SCRIPT TYPE =MS M/ 2 RETA9$4
#6 #AGA @(,"! IS "O EXCEP;N3 SEE ,SEC;N A#AJI
#9.2_4 ,REF] AL 6,SEC;NS #8 & #9 = TYPE
=M USE 9 O!R SITU,NS4@)
,EXAMPLE #6-1_3 (EQU,N ) *EMICAL ,,SYM-
BOL & ITALIC V>IA#S2 NO DUPLICATE LRS
( DI6]+ TYPE =M)
,,, X IS 3V5I5T 6USE ! FRAC;NAL SATUR,N
;,Y, : 9 ? CASE IS N_/4 S9CE F\R OXYG5
MOLECULES MAY 2 B.D3
(9.52) ,Y
.K ,?,P;,O;;2"_/,K1
+2,P;,O;;2^2"_/,K1,K2
+3,P;,O;;2^3"_/,K1,K2,K3
+4,P;,O;;2^4"_/,K1,K2,K3,K4
,/4@(1+,P;,O;;2"_/,K1
+,P;,O;;2^2"_/,K1,K2
+,P;,O;;2^3"_/,K1,K2,K3
+,P;,O;;2^4"_/,K1,K2,K3,K4@),#
,EXAMPLE #6-2_3 (UPP]CASE ;,P %[N #AAJ
) TWO DI6]5T TYPE =MS1 DI6];E M/ 2
PRES]V$2 UPP]CASE ;,C %[N ) TWO DI6]5T
TYPE =MS1 NO 4T9C;N NE$ 2 MADE Z "O IS
"P ( AN A2REVI,N2 4T9CTIVE TYPE =M (
;,P MA9TA9$ 9 N>RATIVE TEXT)
''' >E REPRES5T$ BY ,CAL4 ,S9CE 5?ALPY
IS A /ATE FUNC;N1 ! 5?ALPY *ANGE (! AC-
TUAL PROCESS MAY 2 WRITT5 9 TWO WAYS3
(2.97) .,D,H;,A
.K .,D,H(,T1)+.,D,H;,P .K #0
(2.98) .,D,H2,A
.K .,D,H;,R"+.,D,H(,T2) .K #0
,S9CE ! H1T CAPACITIES (! REACTANTS1
PRODUCTS1 & CALORIMET] MAY 2 ASSUM$
3/ANT OV] ! RANGE ,T1 TO ,T2, ^! EQU,NS
2COME
(2.99) .,D,H(,T1)
.K -.,D,H;,P
.K -@(,C;.;,P"(,P)
+,C;.;,P"(,CAL)@)(,T2-,T1)
#6--#6-2 #AGC (2.100) .,D,H(,T2) A#AAJ
.K -.,D,H;,R
.K -@(,C;.;,P"(,R)
+,C;.;,P"(,CAL)@)(,T2-,T1)
": ^! ,C;.;,P_,S >E EXT5SIVE PROP]TIES4
,?US1 ! RESULTS (! CALORIMETRIC
------------------------------------#AAA
,EXAMPLE #6-3 (UPP]CASE ;,N %[N 9 TWO
TYPE =MS1 4T9C;N PRES]V$ 9 BRL 9 BO?
N>RATIVE TEXT & EQU,N2 L[]CASE ;U & ;L
%[N 9 ,ROMAN TYPE1 NO TYPE =M
9DICATORS NE$$)
''' ,LET .;,N;U 2 ! POPUL,N 9 ! UPP]
/ATE & .;,N;L 2 ! POPUL,N 9 ! L[] /ATE 9
,FIG4 #16.1_4 ,AT !RMAL EQUILIBRIUM1 ^!
POPUL,NS OBEY ! ,BOLTZMANN EQU,N (SEE
,EQ4 #14.5)
(16.11) (?.;,N;U"/K;N;L"#);EQ
.K E^-.,D,E_/K,T
.K E^-G^;,N^.M^;,N^,B_/K,T
@:.K #1-?G;,N".M;,N",B/K,T#
,EXAMPLE #6-4_3 (BOLD TYPE =M A#AAA
MA9TA9$ = _;,M)
''' ,! TOTAL MAGNITIZ,N _;,M (! SAMPLE
IS ! VECTOR SUM (! MAGNETIC DIPOLE MO;TS
= EA* (! NUCLEI4 ,"!=E1 ! ;Z -PON5T (
MAGNETIZ,N ,M;Z IS GIV5 BY
(16.13) ,M;Z
.K -?1/2#(.;,N;U"-.;,N;L")G;,N".M;,N
,EXAMPLE #6-5_3 (TYPE =MS (! UPP]-CASE
;,P_,S M/ 2 MA9TA9$)
.;,P;,P,CL;;3".;,P;,P,CL;;2
.K ,K17.;,P;,P,CL;;5^@#
#6-2--#6-5 #AGE ,EXAMPLE #6-6_3 (TRANSCRIB]'S #AAB
NOTE TELLS R1D] ITALIC TYPE =M N %[N 9
BRL = L[]CASE LRS)
,LET U 3SID] A G5]ALIZ$ EQU,N =A *EMI-
CAL EQUILIBRIUM3
(7.6) W,W+X,X $33O$[33 Y,Y+Z,Z
": ! CAPITAL LRS REPRES5T ! =MULAS ( P>-
TICIPAT+ *EMICAL SPECIES &! L[]CASE
ITALIC LRS >E ! SMALL :OLE NUMB]S RE-
QUIR$ 6BAL.E ! EQU,N4 ,',ITALICS N %ON 9
BRL4,' ,?US1 ! EQU,N /ATES T ;W MOLE (
;,W REACTS ) ;X MOLE ( ;,X 6=M ;Y MOLE (
;,Y & ;Z MOLE ( ;,Z_4 ,! '''
,EXAMPLE #6-7_3 (SCRIPT TYPE MA9TA9$ =
@;,E)
,= /&>D 3DI;NS
.,D,G^.* .K -N,F@;,E^.*
,EXAMPLE #6-8_3 (BOLD TYPE A#AAB
MA9TA9$ = _;,E)
_;,E
.K _;,E^@.O"-?0.0592/2#
LOG ?@(,H^+"@)^2
"/,P;,H;;2"@(,ZN^2+1@)#
#6-6--#6-8 #AGG