Appendix E - Diacritics

The following print characters, their braille equivalent and the ASCII representation of the braille symbol are listed below. This table is intended as a supplement to transcription when following the BANA guidelines set forth in the formats book; please be sure to refer to the Formats book (1997 version), pages 65-72, whenever you use this supplement.

If you are using the ASCII equivalent of the braille in your print document prior to translation, be sure to apply the “brlinline” style to the ASCII.

Please keep in mind that some of the print characters — such as the lowercase letter m — may be entered simply by using the keyboard, and do not require direct ASCII entry of the braille.

Braille	Print	Description	ASCII
*Enclosure Symbols for Diacritics*
7	( )	Left and right parentheses	7
,7	[	Left square bracket	,7
7'	]	Right square bracket	7'
(	/ \	Left slash or left backslash	(
)	/ \	Right slash or right backslash	)
\	\| \|	Left and right vertical bars	\
;8	<	Left angle bracket	;8
02	>	Right angle bracket	02
*Syllable Stress in Diacritics*
/		Primary syllable stress	/
*		Secondary syllable stress	*
;		Tertiary syllable stress	;
*Table of Diacritic Symbols*
^	ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ	Breve	^
0	ç ą	Cedilla or ogonek, hooked letters ¸ ˛	0
6	â ê î ô û	Circumflex ˆ	6
4	urk th	Crossbar or underbar - _	4
8	_⌣sh th _⌣zh æ œ	Ligatures, tied letters ^⌢_⌣	8
_	ā ē ī ō ū	Macron ˉ	_
1	ȧ ȯ u̇ au̇ ȯi yu̇	Overdot ˙	1
“	ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ	Tilde ˜	“
2	ä ö ü	Umlaut, dieresis ¨	2
><	á è	Accented letters: acute ´ and grave	> <
5	ə	Schwa, turned e	5
$	ŋ	Eng, n with hooked right leg	$
'	’	Apostrophe, spaced as in print	'
@	^y	Superscript indicator, unspaced before affected letter	@
*Phonetic Enclosure Symbols*
,=	[	Left square bracket	,=
='	]	Right square bracket	='
,(	/ \	Left slash or right backslash	,(
)'	/ \	Right slash or right backslash	)'
*Phonetic Syllable Stress*
/	'	Primary syllable stress	/
*	'	Secondary syllable stress	*
*The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)*
*IPA Consonants, Vowels, And Other Symbols*
a	a	a lowercase	a
a9	ɐ	a turned	a9
a+e	æ	ash, a-e ligature	a+e
.a	ɑ	script a	.a
.a9	ɒ	script a turned	.a9
b	b	b lowercase	b
b6	ɓ	b hooktop	b6
,b	b	small cap b	,b
7b	β	beta	7b
c	c	c lowercase	c
c'	cʼ	c apostrophe	c'
c6	ƈ	c hooktop	c6
c8	ç	c cedilla	c8
c0	ɕ	c curly-tail	c0
c4	č	c haček or wedge	c4
'c	ʗ	stretched c	'c
c9	ɔ	open o, c turned	c9
d	d	d lowercase	d
d6	ɗ	d hooktop	d6
d8	ɖ	d right-tail	d8
d!	dʒ	d-yogh digraph	d!
d+!	ʤ	d-yogh ligature	d+!
$	ð	edh, eth	$
e	e	e lowercase	e
e9	ə	schwa, e turned	e9
e98	ɚ	schwa right-hook	e98
7e	ɛ	epsilon	7e
7e9	ɜ	epsilon reversed	7e9
f	f	f lowercase	f
f9	ɟ	f turned	f9
g	g	g lowercase	g
g6	ɠ	g hooktop	g6
,g	ɢ	small cap g	,g
,g6	ʛ	small cap g hooktop	,g6
h	h	h lowercase	h
h9	ɥ	h turned	h9
h6	ɦ	h hooktop	h6
%+x	ɧ	heng hooktop, simultaneous ʃ and x	%+x
h4	ħ	h barred	h4
,h	ʜ	small cap h	,h
I	i	i lowercase	i
i4	ɨ	i barred	i4
,i	ɪ	small cap i	,i
7i	ɩ	iota	7i
j	j	j lowercase	j
j0	ʝ	j curly-tail	j0
j4	ǰ	j haček or wedge	j4
k	k	k lowercase	k
k'	k’	k apostrophe	k'
k6	ƙ	k hooktop	k6
k+p	⁀kp	k-p with tie-bar	k+p
l	l	l lowercase	l
l4	ɬ	l belted	l4
l5	ɫ	l tilde	l5
l8	ɭ	l right-tail	l8
,l	ʟ	small cap l	,l
l!	lʒ	l-yogh digraph	l!
l+!	ɮ	l-yogh ligature	l+!
m	m	m lowercase	m
m9	ɯ	m turned	m9
m89	ɰ	m long right leg turned	m89
m0	ɱ	m hooked right leg	m0
n	n	n lowercase	n
]	ŋ	eng, n hooked right leg	]
n0	ɲ	n hooked left leg	n0
n8	ɳ	n right-tail	n8
,n	ɴ	small cap n	,n
o	o	o lowercase	o
o4	ɵ	o barred	o4
o8	ø	o slashed	o8
o+e	œ	ethel, o-e ligature	o+e
,o+e	ɶ	small cap ethel, o-e ligature	,o+e
7f	φ	phi	7f
7t	θ	theta	7t
_0	∅	slashed zero, null or empty set	_0
[	⊙	bull’s eye	[
p	p	p lowercase	p
p'	p	p apostrophe	p'
p6	ƥ	p hooktop	p6
q	q	q lowercase	q
q'	q’	q apostrophe	q'
q6	ʠ	q hooktop	q6
r	r	r lowercase	r
r9	ɹ	r turned	r9
r6	ɾ	r fishhook	r6
r0	ɼ	r long-leg	r0
r09	ɺ	r long-leg turned	r09
r8	ɽ	r right-tail	r8
r89	ɻ	r right-tail turned	r89
,r	ʀ	small cap r	,r
,r9	ʁ	inverted small cap r	,r9
s	s	s lowercase	s
s8	ʂ	s right-tail	s8
%	ʃ	esh, stretched s	%
%4	ʃ	esh barred	%4
%0	ʆ	esh curly-tail	%0
t	t	t lowercase	t
t9	ʇ	t turned	t9
t'	t’	t apostrophe	t'
t8	ʈ	t right-tail	t8
t8'	ʈ’	t right-tail apostrophe	t8'
t6	ƭ	t hooktop	t6
ts	ts	t-s digraph	ts
t+s	ts	t-s with tie-bar	t+s
t+s	ts	t-s ligature	t+s
t%	tʃ	t-esh digraph	t%
t+%	ʧ	t-esh ligature	t+%
u	u	u lowercase	u
u4	ʉ	u barred	u4
7u	ʊ	upsilon	7u
v	v	v lowercase	v
v9	ʌ	v turned	v9
.v	ʋ	script v	.v
7g	ɤ	baby gamma	7g
7,g	ɣ	gamma	7,g
w	w	w lowercase	w
w9	ʍ	w inverted	w9
7w	ɷ	omega closed	7w
x	x	x lowercase	x
7x	χ	chi	7x
y	y	y lowercase	y
y9	ʎ	y turned	y9
,y	ʏ	small cap y	,y
7l	λ	lambda	7l
z	z	z lowercase	z
z8	ʐ	z right-tail	z8
z0	ʑ	z curly-tail	z0
!	ʒ	yogh	!
!0	ʓ	yogh curly-tail	!0
>	ʔ	glottal stop	>
>4	ʡ	glottal stop barred	>4
<	ʕ	reversed glottal stop	<
<4	ʢ	reversed glottal stop barred	<4
=	!	exclamation point	=
\	ǀ	vertical bar	\
\\	ǁ	double vertical bar	\\
44\	ǂ	double barred vertical bar	44\
*IPA Vowel Length Indicators*
_	eː	long, triangular colon	_
;	eˑ	half-long, half triangular colon	;
^	ĕ	extra-short, breve	^
*IPA Diacritics and Modifiers*
Modifiers Shown Under IPA Characters
#1	̥ n̥ d̥	voiceless, underring	#1
#2	̬ s̬ t̬	voiced, subscript wedge	#2
#3	̤ b̤ a̤	breathy voiced, subscript umlaut	#3
#4	̰ b̰ a̰	creaky voiced, subscript tilde	#4
#5	̫ t̫ d̫	linguolabial, subscript curly arch	#5
#6	̪ t̪ d̪	dental, subscript bridge	#6
#7	̺ t̺ d̺	apical, subscript inverted bridge	#7
#8	̻ t̻ d̻	laminal, subscript box	#8
#9	̜ ɔ̜	more rounded, subscript right half-ring	#9
#10	̜ ɔ̜	Less rounded, subscript left half-ring	#10
#11	̟ u̟	advanced, subscript plus	#11
#12	ˍ i̱	retracted, under-bar	#12
#13	̩ ɹ̩	syllabic, subscript vertical bar	#13
#14	̯ e̯	non-syllabic, subscript arch	#14
#15	̝ e̝	raised, subscript up tack	#15
#16	̞ e̞	lowered, subscript down tack	#16
#17	̘ e̘	advanced tongue root, subscript left tack	#17
#18	̙ e̙	retracted tongue root, subscript right tack	#18
Modifiers Shown Over IPA Characters
?1	̈ë	centralized, umlaut or diaeresis	?1
?2	̽ e̽	mid-centralized, x-mark	?2
?3	̃ẽ	nasalized, tilde	?3
Modifiers Shown After IPA Characters
@h	ʰ tʰ	aspirated, superscript h	@h
@w	ʷ tʷ	labialized, superscript w	@w
@j	ʲ tʲ	palatalized, superscript j	@j
@7,g	ˠ tˠ	velarized, superscript gamma	@7,g
a<	ˤ tˤ	pharyngealized, superscript reversed glottal stop	a<
@n	ⁿ dⁿ	nasal release, superscript n	@n
@l	^l d^l	lateral release, superscript l	@l
ad	^┐d^┐	no audible release, superscript corner	ad
*IPA Tones And Word Accents*
&5	̋ e̋	extra high, double acute	&5
&4	́é	high, acute	&4
&3	ˉ ē	mid, macron	&3
&2	̀ è	low, grave	&2
&1	̏ ȅ	extra-low, double grave	&1
*Materials For Articulation And Speech Instruction*
Speech Rhythm Or Vocal Stress
Two Or More Accents Or Stress Signs
>	ˊ	acute	>
^	˘	breve	^
<	ˋ	grave	<
_	ˉ	macron	_
*Inflection, Intonation, or Voice Pitch*
,3		rising inflection	,3
3'		falling inflection	3'
*Elision, Glide, or Liason of Sounds*
95	⌢	upper tie-bar	95
59	⌣	lower tie-bar	59
*Termination or Separation of Sounds*
@\	∣	single vertical bar	@\
\\	∥	double vertical bar	\\
*Modified Print Signs*
9x5		negated upper tie-bar	9x5
5x9		negated lower tie-bar	5x9