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PAGE4
,EXAMPLES 9 ! .,BRL .,=MATS SEC;N >E
SEP>AT$ F SURR.D+ TEXT 0A S]IES ( ?REE
C5T]$ & SPAC$ A/]ISKS 7#CE #CE #CE74
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! """ THERE """ THESE THEIR
* """ CHARACTER -- --
? """ THROUGH THOSE --
: """ WHERE """ WHOSE --
\ """ OUGHT """ -- --
,F9AL-LR ,3TRAC;NS
,PREC$$ 0DOT7S7
"3333333333333333
,SIGN #D-F #E-F #F
"3333 "333 "333 "3333
D """ OUND -- --
E """ ANCE ENCE --
G """ -- ONG --
L """ -- FUL --
N """ SION TION ATION
S """ LESS NESS -- #BC
,PREC$$ 0DOT7S7 B,L#I-,L#AJ
"3333333333333333
,SIGN #D-F #E-F #F
"3333 "333 "333 "3333
T """ OUNT MENT --
Y """ -- ITY ALLY
,,%ORT-=M ,,^WS
AB ABOUT
ABV ABOVE
AC ACCORDING
ACR ACROSS
AF AFTER
AFN AFTERNOON
AFW AFTERWARD
AG AGAIN
AG/ AGAINST
ALM ALMOST
ALR ALREADY
AL ALSO
AL? ALTHOUGH
ALT ALTOGETHER
ALW ALWAYS
2C BECAUSE #BD
2F BEFORE C,L#I-,L#AJ
2H BEHIND
2L BELOW
2N BENEATH
2S BESIDE
2T BETWEEN
-----------------------------------,L#AA
2Y BEYOND
BL BLIND
BRL BRAILLE
*N CHILDREN
3CV CONCEIVE
3CVG CONCEIVING
CD COULD
DCV DECEIVE
DCVG DECEIVING
DCL DECLARE
DCLG DECLARING
EI EITHER
F/ FIRST
FR FRIEND
GD GOOD
GRT GREAT
H]F HERSELF
HM HIM #BE
HMF HIMSELF A,L#AA
IMM IMMEDIATE
XS ITS
XF ITSELF
LR LETTER
LL LITTLE
M* MUCH
M/ MUST
MYF MYSELF
NEC NECESSARY
NEI NEITHER
O'C O'CLOCK
"OF ONESELF
\RVS OURSELVES
PD PAID
P]CV PERCEIVE
P]CVG PERCEIVING
P]H PERHAPS
QK QUICK
RCV RECEIVE
RCVG RECEIVING
RJC REJOICE
-------------------------------------#AB
RJCG REJOICING
SD SAID #BF
%D SHOULD A#AB
S* SUCH
!MVS THEMSELVES
?YF THYSELF
TD TODAY1 TO-DAY
TGR TOGETHER
TM TOMORROW1 TO-MORROW
TN TONIGHT1 TO-NIGHT
WD WOULD
YR YOUR
YRF YOURSELF
YRVS YOURSELVES
#BG
,RULES ( ,BRL ,L#AC
,RULE ,I
,,PUNCTU,N ,,SIGNS
,7PAGE ,I-#A7' ,! SLA% & L9E SYMBOLS
H BE5 MOV$ 6! RULES 9 : !Y >E
DESCRIB$4 ,RULE ,,VII 3TA9S !
DESCRIP;N (! SLA%4 ,RULE ,,IX 3TA9S
! DESCRIP;N (! L9E SIGN4
,SIGN ,M1N+
"3333 "33333333333333333333333333333333
=1 -MA
=2 SEMICOLON
=3 COLON
=4 P]IOD
=6 EXCLAM,N PO9T
=7 OP5+ & CLOS+ P>5!SES
=,7 OP5+ BRACKET
=7' CLOS+ BRACKET
=8 OP5+ D\# QUOT,N M>K2 "Q M>K
=0 CLOS+ D\# QUOT,N M>K
=,8 OP5+ S+LE QUOT,N M>K
=0' CLOS+ S+LE QUOT,N M>K #BH
,SIGN ,M1N+ A,L#AC
"3333 "33333333333333333333333333333333
=99 A/]ISK
=' APO/ROPHE
=''' ELLIPSIS
=- HYPH5
=-- DA%
=---- D\# DA%
="1 DITTO SIGN
-----------------------------------,L#AE
,7PAGE ,I-#D7' ,SEC;N #D NO L;G]
9CLUDES ! REQUIRE;T 69S]T AN
APO/ROPHE 9 PLURAL A2REVI,NS1 NUMB]S
OR LRS ": N"O EXI/S 9 PR9T4 ,9/1D1 !
SEC;N N[ 9CLUDES ! 9/RUC;N1 8,FOLL[
PR9T COPY = USE (! APO/ROPHE40
,FOLL[ PR9T :5 TRANSCRIB+ !
EXCLAM,N 8;HM40 ,USE A LR SIGN 2F !
;H 6PREV5T 3FU.N )! %ORT =M ^W =
8HM40 ,ACLY1 ,RULE ,,XVI1 ,SEC;N
#DG4H IS MODIFI$ 6REFLECT ? *ANGE4
.#D4 7.#AJ-JG7 .,APO/ROPHE3 ='
,FOLL[ PR9T COPY = USE (! APO/ROPHE4
.,EX3 #BI
'TIS A,L#AE
DON'T
,J"OS'
#AICJ'S
#AICJ;S
;P'S & ;Q'S
PS & QS
,PS & ,QS
H'M
;HM
HMM
-----------------------------------,L#AE
.A4 ,AN APO/ROPHE DOES N T]M9ATE !
E6ECT (A D\# CAPITAL SIGN4 .,EX3
,,DON'T ,,S+ 8,,SWEET ,,ROSY ,,O'GRADY60
,,! ,,PRESID5T'S ,,9ITIATIVE ,,OK'D
.B4 ,USE A T]M9,N SIGN :5 NEC 65D !
E6ECT (! D\# CAPITAL SIGN4 7,SEE ,RULE
,,II1 ,SEC;N #AA4A47 .,EX3
#CJ
,! ,,GI'S >M 0 9JUR$4 A,L#AE
,,OK'D
,,ABC,''S
,,ABC,'S
#CA
,RULE ,,II ,L#AF
,,SPECIAL ,,BRL ,,-POSI;N ,,SIGNS
,7PAGE ,,II-#A7' ,9 ! LI/ ( SYMBOLS
AT ! 2G9N+ ( ,RULE ,,II1 ON ! L9E
DESCRIB+ ! T]M9,N SIGN1
8TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE SYMBOL0 IS A4$4
,SIGN ,M1N+
"3333 "33333333333333333333333333333333
=1 NON-,LAT9 LR 9DICATOR
# """ NUMB] SIGN
=@ A35T SIGN2 PR9T SYMBOL 9DICATOR
=. ITALIC SIGN2 7AL DECIMAL PO9T7
=.. D\# ITALIC SIGN
=; LR SIGN
=, CAPITAL SIGN
=,, D\# CAPITAL SIGN
=,' T]M9,N SIGN2 TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
SYMBOL 72G9N+ & 5D+7
-----------------------------------,L#AG
,7PAGE ,,II-#G7' ,SEC;N #AA4A4 N[
3TA9S A DESCRIP;N (! T]M9,N SIGN US$
65D ! E6ECT ( AN EMPHASIS 9DICATOR
2F ! 5D (A ^W4 ,X DOES N #CB
REQUIRE 9S];N ( HYPH5S ": A,L#AG
N"O EXI/ 9 PR9T4 ,X REQUIRES
UNCONTRACT$ BRL = "PI,Y EMPHASIZ$
^WS4
..#AA4 7#AJ-JG7 ,T]M9,N SIGN1
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE .SYMBOL3 =,'
.A4 .,T]M9,N .SIGN3 ,:5 X IS NEC 65D
! E6ECT (! D\# CAPITAL SIGN1 ! ITALIC
SIGN1 OR ANY O!R EMPHASIS SIGN 2F ! 5D
(A ^W1 9S]T ! T]M9,N SIGN 6%[ RETURN
6REGUL> TEXT4 ,BRL S* "PI,Y EMPHASIZ$
^WS )\T 3TRAC;NS4 ,:5 X IS N POSSI#
6DET]M9E :E!R ! T]M9,N SIGN %D 2 PLAC$
2F OR AF A HYPH5 OR O!R M>K ( PUNCTU,N
O3URR+ 9 ! MI4LE (A ^W1 PLACE ! T]M9,N
SIGN 2F ! PUNCTU,N M>K4 ,LI/ ? SIGN ON !
SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE4 7,SEE ,APP4 ,A4 #I
& ..,BRL ,=MATS3 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,PR9T
6,BRL .,TRANSCRIP;N1 MO/ REC5T EDI;N1 =
9=M,N AB SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGES47 .,EX3
#CC
EXTRAD.I,'TE ,7;I 9 ITALICS7' B,L#AG
EXTRA.DITE ,78DITE0 9 ITALICS7'
UN,,SELF,'ISH ,7,,SELF 9 CAPITALS7'
.THEY,''RE ,78THEY0 9 ITALICS7'
,,BASE,'BALL ,7,,BASE 9 CAPITALS7'
FUN.DA,'MENTAL ,78DA0 9 ITALICS7'
.WHITE,'-COLLAR ,78WHITE0 9 ITALICS7'
,,DO,'-ING ,7,,DO 9 CAPITALS7'
-----------------------------------,L#AH
,7PAGE ,,II-#H7' ,! PREC$+ DESCRIP;N
(! USE (! T]M9,N SIGN IS N[
,SUBSEC;N #AA4A4 ,A NEW ,SUBSEC;N
#AA4B DESCRIBES ! TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
SYMBOL4 ,NOTE T :OLE ^W L[] SIGNS >E
ALL[$ 9 3TACT ) ? SYMBOL4 ,S9CE :OLE
^W L[] SIGNS >E P]MITT$ 9 3TACT )!
CAPITAL & D\# CAPITAL SIGNS1 "!
SEEM$ NO NE$ 6=BID !M 9 3TACT )!
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE SYMBOL4
..B4 ,TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE SYMBOL 7OP5+
& .CLOS+73 ,BRL ! TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE
SYMBOL IMMLY 2F ! F/ SYMBOL & IMMLY
FOLL[+ ! LA/ SYMBOL ( ALL TEXT 9S]T$ 0!
TRANSCRIB] REG>D.S (! L5G? (! TEXT #CD
OR ! NUMB] ( P>AGRAPHS X 3TA9S4 A,L#AH
7,= 9=M,N ON ! PLACE;T & =MAT (
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTES1 SEE ..,BRL ,=MATS3
,PR9CIPLES ( ,PR9T 6,BRL .,TRANSCRIP;N1
,RULE #A.G47 .,EX3
,',9 ! P>AGRAPH 2L1 PR9T USES A
PICTURE (! ANIMAL 6REPRES5T XS "N4,'
,',^! SYMBOLS APPE> 9 ! FOLL[+
P>AGRAPH3
1 7#B7 NON-,LAT9 LR 9DICATOR PLAC$ IMMLY
2F A ,GREEK LR
A LR ALPHA
B LR 2TA
G LR GAMMA,'
-----------------------------------,L#AI
.#AB4 .,LR .SIGN3 '''
,7PAGE ,,II-#AJ7' ,EXAMPLES 9 ,SEC;N
#AB4B7#A7 >E UPDAT$ 6USE ! NEW SLA%
SYMBOL4
.B4 ,! LR SIGN IS N REQUIR$ 2F #CE
A S+LE CAPITALIZ$ OR A,L#AI
UNCAPITALIZ$ LR :53
7.#A7 ,! LR IS AN 9ITIAL OR AN
A2REVI,N FOLL[$ 0A P]IOD OR SLA%4 .,EX3
,DR4 ,J4 ,F4 ,PILGRIM1 ,M4,D4
C_/O
S_/HE
-----------------------------------,L#BJ
,7PAGE ,,II-#AA7' ,EXAMPLE 9 ,SEC;N
#AB4B7#E7 IS UPDAT$ 6USE ! NEW
CROSSHAT* SYMBOL4
7.#E7 ,! LR SIGN IS N REQUIR$ :5 !
LR IN1 OR REF]R+ TO1 AN \TL9E OR LI/+ IS
FOLL[$ BY1 OR 5CLOS$ )91 PUNCTU,N M>KS4
.,EX3
'''
C7 ,RES]V,N3 ,S]IAL _?#EFII
#CF
,RULE ,,VI ,L#BA
,,A2REVI,NS
,7PAGE ,,VI-#B7' ,F ,SEC;N
#BG4A7#A71 ! EXAMPLE ,A@&,P IS
DELET$4 ,2C (! A4I;N ( AN AMP]S&
SYMBOL 9 ,RULE ,,VIII1 ,SEC;N #CA4G1
T EXAMPLE NO L;G] ILLU/RATES ! RULE4
7.#A7 ,9 S* -B9,NS Z 9 8,,AT,'&,T0
& 8,,NYU,']S0 ONLY ! UNCAPITALIZ$ LRS (!
A2REVI,NS %D 2 3TRACT$4 .,EX3
,,AF(,L ,78(0 9 L[]CASE7'
,,AT&,T ,78&0 9 L[]CASE7'
,,NYU]S ,78]S0 9 L[]CASE7'
-----------------------------------,L#BB
,7PAGE ,,VI-#C7' ,SEC;N #BG4E1 !
RULE = DATES1 IS *ANG$ S T :5 PR9T
USES A SLA% 6SEP>ATE ! "PS (A NUM]IC
DATE1 BRL USES A SLA% Z WELL4
,IF "P (! DATE IS WRITT5 Z A
,ROMAN NUM]AL1 BRL N[ FOLL[S PR9T4
.E4 7.#AJ-JG7 ,:5 A DATE IS #CG
WRITT5 Z A S]IES ( NUMB]S A,L#BB
SEP>AT$ 0SLA%ES OR HYPH5S1 FOLL[ PR9T =!
ORD] (! NUMB]S &! USE ( EI SLA%ES OR
HYPH5S Z SEP>ATORS4 ,= ALL O!R
SEP>ATORS1 9CLUD+ SPACES1 SUB/ITUTE BRL
HYPH5S =! SEP>ATORS US$ 9 PR9T4
#H_/BD_/CF
#BE_/F_/ID
#BJJF_/JE_/JF
#JH-BD-CF
#JH-BD-CF ,7PR9T USES DOTS = SEP>ATORS7'
#JH-BD-CF ,7PR9T USES SPACES =
SEP>ATORS7'
#BD-,,VIII-#CF ,7PR9T USES DOTS =
SEP>ATORS7'
#CH
,RULE ,,VII ,L#BC
,,NUMB]S ,,& ,,ROMAN ,,NUM]ALS
.#BH4 .,C>D9AL .,NUMB]S3 ,NUMB]S >E
EXPRESS$ 0! LRS ;A "? ;J PREC$$ 0! NUMB]
SIGN4 #
,7PAGE ,,VII-#A7' ,9 ,SEC;N #BH4A1 !
SLA% IS A4$ 6! LI/ ( SYMBOLS T D N
T]M9ATE ! E6ECT (! NUMB] SIGN4
.A4 7.#AJ-JG7 ,! E6ECT (! NUMB] SIGN
IS N T]M9AT$ 0-MAS1 COLONS1 HYPH5S1
FRAC;N L9ES1 DECIMALS1 OR SLA%ES4 ,H["E1
AF A SPACE OR A DA%1 ! NUMB] SIGN M/ 2
REP1T$4
-----------------------------------,L#BD
,7PAGE ,,VII-#B7' ,SEC;N #BH4C7#A7
A4S A DESCRIP;N (! PR9T REPRES5T,N (
FRAC;NS4 ,FOLL[ PR9T ) RESPECT 6USE
(! SLA% OR FRAC;N L9E4
.C4 .,SIMPLE .,FRAC;NS3
7.#A7 7.#AJ-JG7 ,! SIGN /
REPRES5TS ! FRAC;N L9E4 #CI
7.A7 ,:5 ! NUM]ATOR & A,L#BD
DENOM9ATOR (A FRAC;N >E PR9T$ ON DI6]5T
LEVELS ( TYPE1 :E!R DIRECTLY ABV "O
ANO!R OR (FSET DIAGON,Y1 USE ! FRAC;N
L9E 6REPRES5T ! HORIZONTAL OR SLANT$ L9E
T SEP>ATES !M4
#A/D ,7PR9T %[S A RAIS$ #A1 A SLANT$
L9E1 &A L[]$ #D7'
#AJ/AJJ ,7PR9T %[S #AJ DIRECTLY ABV
#AJJ1 )A HORIZONTAL L9E 2T7'
7.B7 ,:5 ! NUM]ATOR & DENOM9ATOR
>E PR9T$ ON ! SAME LEVEL ( TYPE )A SLA%
2T !M1 USE A SLA% 9 BRL4 7,H["E1 SEE !
NOTE 9 ,SEC;N #BH4E7#B7 AB ! OP;N
6SUB/ITUTE A FRAC;N L9E47
#AJ_/AJJ
-----------------------------------,L#BE
,7PAGE ,,VII-#D7' ,REVIS$ & EXP&$
,SEC;N #BH4E *ANGES ! BRL REPRES5T,N
(! PR9T SLA% 6A TWO-CELL SYMBOL &
3TA9S ! DIREC;N 6FOLL[ PR9T = USE &
SPAC+4 ,^! *ANGES GIVE ! R1D] #DJ
EXACT 9=M,N AB ! PR9T & A,L#BE
MA9TA9 ! NUMB] ( CELLS 2T NUMB]S AT
TWO4 ,! TRANSCRIB] NO L;G] NE$S 6"K
:E!R TWO NUMB]S >E RELAT$ Z "PS (A
FRAC;N OR H "S O!R REL,N%IP4
.E4 .,SLA%3 7.#AJ-JG7 ,! SLA% HAS _M
USES & IS GIV5 V>I\S "NS 9CLUD+
..OBLIQUE /ROKE1 DIAGONAL1 .SOLIDUS1 &
.VIRGULE4
7.#A7 ,USE _/ 6REPRES5T A SLA%
:]"E X APPE>S 9 PR9T4 ,FOLL[ PR9T SPAC+4
,LI/ ? SYMBOL ON ! SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE4
&_/OR
,AU?OR _/ ,$ITOR
#A/_/#BND
PAGES ;V_/;VI
PR9T_/BRL
7.#B7 ,IF A SLA% APPE>S 2T TWO
NUMB]S1 D N REP1T ! NUMB] SIGN AF !
SLA%4
#DA
,MODEL #JI_/EB B,L#BE
#BJ_/BJ H9DSI<T
OP5 #BD_/G
#DAF_/DHJ-GECJ
L#E_/C_/B 7/]L+ CO9AGE7
#A_/B CUP
.,NOTE3 ,= C]TA9 PUBLIC,NS1 AN AG5CY1
PUBLI%]1 OR TRANSCRIB+ GR\P MAY ELECT
6SUB/ITUTE ! FRAC;N L9E =! SLA% 9 OBVI\S
FRAC;NS1 DESCRIB+ ? SUB/ITU;N 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
-----------------------------------,L#BF
7.#C7 ,IF A NUMB] IS FOLL[$ 0A
SLA% & !N 0A LR1 USE A LR SIGN AF !
SLA%4
,SY/EM #AE_/;A
4#B.BI_/;GAL4
PAGES G#DC_/;G#DD
7.#D7 ,NO LR SIGN IS REQUIR$ :5 A
S+LE LR T\*ES A SLA%4
#DB
C_/O A,L#BF
,I_/,O
S_/HE
7.#E7 ,USE ! LR SIGN 2F ANY GR\P (
LRS T\*+ A SLA% T CD 2 MISR1D Z A %ORT-
=M ^W4
;CD_/ALBUM
,7PAGE ,,VII-#D7' ,! FOLL[+ RULES
3C]N+ 3TRAC;NS 9 3TACT )A SLA% DEP5D
ON A DET]M9,N ( :5 A SYMBOL IS /&+
AL"O OR IS AT ! 2G9N+ (A ^W4
,3TRAC;NS L ^? = 8C0 & 8?0 >E US$
ONLY :5 ! SYMBOLS T REPRES5T !M /&
AL"O4 ,:5 !Y >E 9 3TACT )A SLA%1 !Y
>E N /&+ AL"O & S _C 2 US$4
,SIMIL>LY ! 3TRAC;NS = 8BE10 8CON10
8DIS10 & 8COM0 >E N AT ! 2G9N+ (A ^W
:5 !Y T\* A SLA% S !Y _C 2 US$ NEXT
6! SLA%4 ,! FOLL[+ RULES %[ H[ ?
EXPLAN,N APPLIES4
7.#F7 ,! FOLL[+ 3TRAC;NS MAY #DC
N 2 US$ NEXT 6A SLA%3 B,L#BF
7.A7 ,! ALPHABETIC "O-CELL :OLE-
^W 3TRAC;NS ;B "? ;Z4
&_/BUT
TO_/FROM ! AIRPORT
FROM_/6! AIRPORT
-----------------------------------,L#BG
7.B7 ,! :OLE-^W 3TRAC;NS = 8*10
8%10 8?10 8:10 8\0 & 8/40
IN_/\T BOX
?IS_/?AT
*ILD_/9FANT
7.C7 ,! "P-^W 3TRAC;NS 8BE10
8CON10 8COM10 & 8DIS40
REMA9_/COME
AGREE;T_/CONTRACT
3TRACT_/AGREE;T
H>MONY_/DISCORD
OBS]VE_/BEHOLD
7.D7 ,! :OLE-^W 3TRAC;NS = #DD
8BE10 85\<10 8W]E10 8HIS10 A,L#BG
8IN10 & 8WAS40
HIS_/H]S
\T_/IN
7.#G7 ,IF A SLA% O3URS 2T
CAPITALIZ$ A2REVI,NS OR O!R SEQU;ES (
CAPITALIZ$ LRS1 REP1T ! CAPITAL SIGN
FOLL[+ ! SLA%4 ,LIKEWISE1 REP1T ! ITALIC
SIGN :5 A SLA% O3URS 2T TWO ^WS 9 ITALIC
TYPE4
,,USOM_/,,APO
,,MAY_/,,JUNE
.DOG_/.CAT
..,PUT \ ! DOG_/CAT_/.RA2IT4
-----------------------------------,L#BH
7.#H7 ,:5 A SLA% O3URS 2T ^WS &!
^WS M/ 2 DIVID$ 2T L9ES1 ! HYPH5 %D 2
9S]T$ FOLL[+ ! SLA%4
TYPI/_/-
/5OGRAPH]
#DE
,RULE ,,VIII ,L#BI
,,CO9AGE1 ,,WEI<TS1 ,,M1SURES ,,&
,,O!R ,,SPECIAL ,,SYMBOLS
.#CA4 ,:5 9 PR9T A NUMB] OR LR IS
PREC$$ OR FOLL[$ 0A SYMBOL OR A2REVI,N =
CO9AGE1 WEI<T1 M1SURE1 OR O!R SPECIAL
SIGN1 9 BRL FOLL[ ! PR9T ORD]1 SPELL+1
CAPITALIZ,N1 PUNCTU,N1 & SPAC+ =!
A2REVI,N OR ! CORRESPOND+ BRL SYMBOL4
,7PAGE ,,VIII-#B7' ,9 ,SEC;N #CA4B1
! TWO SYMBOLS REPRES5T$ 0CROSSHAT*
78NUMB]0 & 8P.DS07 >E REMOV$ F !
LI/4 ,A NEW CROSSHAT* SYMBOL IS
PROVID$ 9 ,SEC;N #CA4G4 ,A4$ T]MS1
8PRIME0 & 8D\# PRIME10 CL>IFY !
M1N+S (! BRL EQUIVAL5T SYMBOLS =
9*7ES71 FOOT OR FEET1 M9UTES 7( >C71
& SECONDS 7( >C74 ,! T]M 8( >C0
TAKES ! PLACE ( 8ANGUL>40
..B4 7#AJ-JG7 ,PR9T .,SYMBOLS3
#DF
,SIGN ,M1N+ A,L#BI
"3333 "33333333333333333333333333333333
@C C5T7S7
DG DEGREE7S7
=4 DOLL>7S7
@E EURO7S7
FT S+LE PRIME M1N+ FOOT OR FEET
@9 D\# PRIME M1N+ 9*7ES7
M9 S+LE PRIME M1N+ M9UTE7S7 ( >C
P> P>AGRAPH
@3P P]C5T
L """ P.D7S7 7/]L+7
SEC D\# PRIME M1N+ SECOND7S7 ( >C
S' SEC;N
@Y Y5
-----------------------------------,L#CJ
,7PAGE ,,VIII-#C7' ,! EXAMPLES %[+
CROSSHAT* >E MOV$ TO S'#CA4G4
7.#A7 7.#AJ-JG7 ,USE ! LI/ ( BRL
EQUIVAL5TS Z %[N 9 S'#CA4B ABV4
#DG
4#CF A,L#CJ
L#BE #G;D
#AF@C
#BA@Y
@E#E
#DB @E
,X'S #E@3P
S'#C
7.A7 ,9S]T A LR SIGN :5 ! BRL
EQUIVAL5T = DEGREES1 FEET1 M9UTES ( >C1
SECONDS ( >C1 SEC;N1 OR P>AGRAPH IMMLY
FOLL[S A NUMB]4
#AH;DG
#E;FT OR #E;M9 ,7PR9T %[S #E )A PRIME7'
#AJ@9 OR #AJ;SEC ,7PR9T %[S #AJ )A D\#
PRIME7'
7.B7 ,9S]T A LR SIGN :5 A BRL
EQUIVAL5T T 2G9S )A LR FOLL[S ANO!R LR4
,! TEMP]ATURE (! WAT] ROSE #E ,C;DG4
,X M1SURES X;FT 9 DIAMET]4
#DH
7.C7 ,9S]T A LR SIGN 2F ,L#CA
ANY LR : FOLL[S A BRL EQUIVAL5T4
#IH;DG;,F
S';D
P>;K
7.#B7 ,7..,NO *ANGES MADE 6?
.SEC;N47'
.C4 .,NON-,LAT9 .,LRS3 ,7..,NO
*ANGES MADE 6? .SEC;N47'
-----------------------------------,L#CB
,7PAGE ,,VIII-#D7' ,! ^W+ ( ,SEC;N
#CA4D IS REVIS$ &! EXAMPLES %[+
AMP]S&1 AT SIGN1 & CROSSHAT* H BE5
DELET$ 2C ^! PR9T SYMBOLS N[ H BRL
EQUIVAL5TS4 ,! 3T5T & 9T5T ( ? SEC;N
IS UN*ANG$ EXCEPT =! REMOVAL ( ^?
SYMBOLS4
.D4 7.#AJ-JG7 ,9 TEXTS ": X IS
REQUIR$ 6%[ T A SPECIAL SYMBOL IS US$ =
DEGREES1 FEET1 M9UTES ( >C1 P>AGRAPH1
SECONDS ( >C1 OR SEC;N1 PLACE DOT #D 2F
! BRL SYMBOL OR LR -B9,N4 ,S* #DI
USAGE %D 2 EMPLOY$ ONLY :5 X IS A,L#CB
NEC 6%[ ! EXACT SYMBOL1 S* Z 9 TYPEWRIT+
9/RUC;N MANUALS OR O!R TE*NICAL "WS4
,LI/ ? SYMBOL ON ! SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE4
7,SEE ,APP4 ,A4 #I47 .,EX3
#C@DG
-----------------------------------,L#CC
,7PAGE ,,VIII-#E7' ,9 ,SEC;N #CA4F1
"! IS NO *ANGE EXCEPT T ! PR9T HAPPY
FACE SYMBOL HAS REPLAC$ ! COPY"R
SYMBOL Z AN EXAMPLE (A SYMBOL ) NO
BRL C.T]"P4 ,COPY"R N[ HAS XS [N BRL
SYMBOL1 DESCRIB$ 9 S'#CA4G4
.F4 7.#AJ-JG7 ,! APPROPRIATE ^W %D 2
SUB/ITUT$ = ANY SPECIAL SYMBOL = : NO
PROVI.N HAS BE5 MADE 9 ? CODE S* Z
8HAPPY FACE40
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-- """""""""""" $33O --
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-- """ -- --
-- """ -- --
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'''
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,,_! ,,A2REVI,NS
@,S#119_4 ..,SPAC+ ) ,FUNC;N ,"NS &
,_! .,A2REVI,NS3 @(PAGE #121@)
,*ANGE S5T;E 6R1D3
;A_4 (10-07) ,A SPACE M/ 2 LEFT AF
AN UNMODIFI$ FUNC;N "N OR XS A2REVI,N4
,IF ! FUNC;N "N OR XS A2REVI,N C>RIES A
SUP]SCRIPT1 SUBSCRIPT1 MODIFI]1 OR O!R
BRL 9DICATOR1 ! SPACE M/ FOLL[ !
SUP]SCRIPT1 SUBSCRIPT1 T]M9,N ( MODIFI]1
OR O!R BRL 9DICATOR4 #AJH
A,N#AB
@,S#119C_4 ..,SPAC+ ) ,FUNC;N ,"NS &
,_! .,A2REVI,NS3 @(PAGE #122@)
,*ANGE ,EXAMPLE (7) BRL TO3
?1/COS#-COS .K TAN *SIN
-----------------------------------,N#AC
,,RULE ,,XVIII--,,SIGNS ,,&
,,SYMBOLS ,,( ,,GR\P+
@,S#120_4 .,SYMBOLS .( .,GR\P+1
,EXAMPLE (14)_3 @(PAGE #124@)
,*ANGE BRL TO3
(DIVISOR)("PIAL QUOTI5T)+(REMA9D])
.K (DIVID5D)
@,S#126_4 ..,USE ( ,5L>G$ ,GR\P+
.,SYMBOLS1 ,EXAMPLE (3)_3 @(PAGE #126@)
,*ANGE BRL TO3
Y .K @,(X, IF X "K.K #0
@,(0, IF X .1 #0_4
@,S#128A_4 ..,SPAC+ ) ,SYMBOLS #AJI
( .,GR\P+1 ,EXAMPLE (1)_3 A,N#AC
@(PAGE #127@)
,NUM]IC 9DICATORS >E REQUIR$ AF !
-P>ISON SIGNS4 (,REF] TO @,S#126 (1)
(PAGE #126_4) ,*ANGE BRL TO3
.,(2X+ Y .K #9.,)
.,( X-3Y .K #11.,)
-----------------------------------,N#AD
,,RULE ,,XXIV--,,SPATIAL
,,>RANGE;TS
@,S#180C_4 .,DIVI.N3 @(PAGE #170@)
,*ANGE ! ?IRD S5T;E 6R1D3
(10-07) ,H["E1 :5 ! DIVI.N >RANGE;T
3TA9S ONLY A DIVISOR &A DIVID5D -POS$
5TIRELY ( NUM]ALS ) OR )\T DECIMAL PO9TS
AND_/OR -MAS1 B NO QUOTI5T & NO "PIAL
PRODUCTS & DI6];ES1 '''
#AAJ
,ADD ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES3 A,N#AD
#6O48
#7O104.58
3333333333333
6O1 FT4 6 IN4
@,S#184A_4 .,UNIFI$ .,EXPRES.NS1
,EXAMPLE (1)_3 @(PAGE #183@)
,NUM]IC 9DICATORS >E REQUIR$ AF !
-P>ISON SIGNS4 (,REF] 6,EXAMPLE (2)_4)
,*ANGE BRL TO3
.,(4X-Y .K #3.,)
.,(3X-Y .K #1.,)
-----------------------------------,N#AE
,,RULE ,,XXV--,,=MAT
@,S#185B;III_4 .,SPATIAL .,>RANGE;TS3
@(PAGE #186@)
,*ANGE ^W 8PR9CIPLE0 TO 8PR9CIPAL04
@,S#191B;VI_4 ..,M>G9S = ,NON-,SPATIAL
,ITEMIZ$ .,MAT]IAL1 ,EXAMPLE (3) #AAA
@(PAGE #197@) A,N#AE
,?IRD BRL L9E1 F/ VISI# CELL %D BE3
A (DOT #1)
-----------------------------------,N#AF
@(PAGE #207@)
,9S]T NEW SEC;N3
@,S#196_4 (10-07) .,/EM-&-,L1F
.,PLOTS3
,A /EM-&-L1F PLOT IS A ME?OD ( %[+
DATA 4TRIBU;N4 ,X IS A SPECIALIZ$ TA# T
IS BRLD 9 ,NEME? NOT,N US+ ! RULES =
,TA#S & ,COLUMNS 9 ..,BRL ,=MATS3
,PR9CIPLES ( ,PR9T 6,BRL .,TRANSCRIP;N4
,A /EM-&-L1F PLOT IS MADE UP ( COLUMNS
& R[S : USU,Y 9CLUDE A H1D+4 ,! DATA MAY
2 %[N Z NUMB]S OR LRS4 ,A KEY IS ALM ALW
PROVID$ & .M/ 2 BRLD 2G9N+ 9 CELL #1
PREC$+ ! /EM-&-L1F PLOT4
,! SYMBOLS US$ 9 A /EM-&-L1F PLOT D N
NE$ 6BE 9CLUD$ ON A ,SPECIAL ,SYMBOLS
PAGE UN.S ! TEXT IS AN ELE;T>Y MA? BOOK
2L ! #4TH GRADE4 #AAB
A,N#AF
;A_4 ,! /EM-&-L1F PLOT RESEM#S A
HORIZONTAL B> GRAPH1 & "!=E1 X IS
IMPORTANT 6RETA9 ! %APE4 ,A V]TICAL L9E
(DOTS #456) SEP>ATES ! COLUMN H1D+S &
EXT5DS 6! 5D (! PLOT4 ,"O BLANK CELL
PREC$ES & FOLL[S ! V]TICAL L9E4 ,! DATA
ON ! LEFT (/EM) IS "R JU/IFI$ 6! V]TICAL
L9E &! DATA ON ! "R (L1F) IS LEFT
JU/IFI$ 6! V]TICAL L9E4
;I_4 ,AVOID RUNN+ OV] L9ES IF
POSSI#4 ,IF NEC 6RUNOV] ! L9E1 9D5T !
L9E TWO CELLS 6! "R4 .,EXCEP;N3 9 BACK-
TO-BACK PLOTS T H A RUNOV] 9 ! LEFT
COLUMN1 ! 9D5T,N IS TWO CELLS 6! LEFT4
;II_4 ,A RUNOV] ( L1VES %[N 9 PR9T
%D 2 IGNOR$4 ,USE ! FULL WID? (! BRL
COLUMN 2F 2G9N+ AN 9D5T$ R[4
;III_4 ,! NEXT /EM & L1F R[ 5TRY
2G9S ON ! L9E AF ! RUNOV]4
;IV_4 .,NOTE3 ,D N FOLL[ ! .,BRL
.,=MATS RULES = BLANK SPACES T O3UR ACR
! WID? (A COLUMN 9 TA#S4 ,A BLANK SPACE
9 A /EM-&-L1F PLOT COLUMN IS LEFT BLANK
& MAY O3UR 9 EI ! /EM OR L1F4 #AAC
;V_4 ,E EF=T %D 2 MADE B,N#AF
6BE 3SI/5T "?\T A TRANSCRIP;N4
-----------------------------------,N#AG
;B_4 ,IF A KEY IS PROVID$ 9 PR9T1 X
M/ PREC$E ! /EM-&-L1F PLOT1 EV5 ?\< X
MAY APPE> 9 A DI6]5T LOC,N 9 PR9T4 ,!
POR;N (! KEY T REPLICATES AN 5TRY 9 !
PLOT IS BRLD )\T ! NUM]IC 9DICATOR OR
,5GLI% LR 9DICATOR & 9CLUD+ V]TICAL L9ES
Z X WD APPE> )9 ! PLOT4 ,! VALUE ASSIGN$
6! KEY IS BRLD US+ ! NUM]IC 9DICATOR OR
,5GLI% LR 9DICATOR Z REQUIR$ 0! ,NEME?
,CODE4 ,! KEY IS =MATT$ 9 CELL #1 ) ANY
RUNOV] 9 CELL #3_4
,:5 TWO KEYS >E %[N 9 PR9T = BACK-
TO-BACK PLOTS1 ! LEFT COLUMN KEY IS BRLD
F/1 FOLL[$ 0! "R COLUMN KEY4 ,EA* IS
BRLD 2G9N+ 9 CELL #1 ) ANY RUNOV] 9 CELL
#3_4
;C_4 ,:5 ! DATA IS REPRES5T$ 0NUMB]S
9 ! BODY (! PLOT3
;I_4 OMIT ! NUM]IC 9DICATOR 9 !
BODY (! PLOT1
;II_4 BRL S+LE DIGIT 5TRIES
UNSPAC$1 #AAD
;III_4 5TRIES 3SI/+ ( A,N#AG
GR\PS ( TWO OR M DIGITS REQUIRE "O BLANK
CELL 2T 5TRIES1 (,'. ,SEE EXAMPLE
#26,D_4 .,')
;IV_4 OMIT A -MA OR O!R PUNCTU,N
%[N 2T UNITS ( DATA4
;D_4 ,:5 ! DATA IS REPRES5T$ 0LRS 9
! BODY (! PLOT3
;I_4 S+LE CAP EA* CAPITAL LR1
;II_4 OMIT ! ,5GLI% LR 9DICATOR 9
! BODY (! PLOT1
;III_4 S+LE LRS >E BRLD UNSPAC$1
;IV_4 5TRIES 3SI/+ ( GR\PS ( TWO
OR M LRS REQUIRE "O BLANK CELL 2T EA*
5TRY1
;V_4 OMIT A -MA OR O!R PUNCTU,N
%[N 2T UNITS ( DATA4
-----------------------------------,N#AH
(1) ,? EXAMPLE IS A BASIC /EM-&-L1F
PLOT ) DESIGNAT$ COLUMNS &A RUNOV] 9
PR9T 9 ! F/ L9E "U 8,L1F40 ,NOTICE T
NO NUM]IC 9DICATOR IS US$ 9 EI COLUMN
& T "! IS NO SPACE 2T NUMB]S4
#AAE
1 _ 2 .K #12 A,N#AH
,/EM _ ,L1F
"333 _ "3333333333333333333333
1 _ 22234455556677778899999
2 _ 01112668
3 _ 0
-----------------------------------,N#AI
(2) ,? EXAMPLE IS AL A BASIC /EM-&-
L1F PLOT B )\T DESIGNAT$ COLUMN H1D+S4
,X AL HAS A BLANK SPACE 9 ! L1F COLUMN
NEXT 6/EM .##4_4
,EV5 ?\< TRUNCAT+ L>GE NUMB]S IS QK &
EASY1 "S P PREF] 6R.D ! ORIG9AL NUMB]S4
,! /EM-&-L1F PLOT =! DATA R.D$ 6!
NE>E/ HUNDR$ ?\S& IS %[N 2L4
#AAF
,KEY3 2 _ 2 REPRES5TS A,N#AI
#2,150,000 TO #2,249,999 COPIES SOLD4
1 _ 001122233589
2 _ 2224
3 _ 34
4 _
5 _ 39
-----------------------------------,N#BJ
(3) ,? EXAMPLE IS ANO!R UNDESIGNAT$
PLOT ) LRS 9/1D ( NUMB]S 9 ! L1F
COLUMN4 ,NO SPACES >E NE$$ 2T LRS1
:E!R CAPITALIZ$ OR N4
,CR1TE A NEW /EM-&-L1F PLOT4 ,IF ! L1F
REPRES5TS ! TEMP]ATURE (A BIRD1 REPLACE
! L1F )! LR ;,A_4 ,IF ! L1F REPRES5TS !
TEMP]ATURE (A MAMMAL1 REPLACE ! L1F )!
LR ;,M_4 ,! F/ FEW R[S >E %[N 2L4
#AAG
95 _ ,M A,N#BJ
96 _
97 _ ,M
98 _ ,M
99 _ ,M,M,A,M
-----------------------------------,N#BA
(4) ,? EXAMPLE HAS NUMB]S ) DECIMALS
9 ! L1F COLUMN4
5 _ 8.3 .K #58.3
,/EM _ ,L1F
"333 _ "33333333333333333333333333
5 _ 8.3
6 _ 4.3 5.1 5.5 6.7 7.0 8.7 9.3
7 _ 0.0 2.8 3.2 5.8 7.4 7.4
-----------------------------------,N#BB
(5) ,? EXAMPLE IS CALL$ A BACK-TO-
BACK /EM-&-L1F PLOT & IS US$ :5 TWO
SETS ( DATA >E 6BE -P>$4 ,NOTICE T "!
>E TWO KEYS 9 ^! TYPES ( PLOTS4 ,ALW
PUT ! LEFT COLUMN KEY F/ FOLL[$ 0! "R
COLUMN KEY1 BO? AT ! M>G9 #AAH
PREC$+ ! PLOT4 ,RUNOV]S 6! A,N#BB
LEFT COLUMN >E TWO CELLS 6! LEFT2
RUNOV]S 6! "R COLUMN >E TWO CELLS 6!
"R4
,MR4 ,ABEL'S ,TE/ ,SCORES
0 _ 5 _ REPRES5TS A SCORE ( #50
_ 5 _ 2 REPRES5TS A SCORE ( #52
,SECOND ,GRADE _ _ ,FIF? ,GRADE
,CLASSES _ _ ,CLASSES
"33333333333333 _ _ "3333333333333333
4220 _ 5 _ 2469
453150 _ 6 _ 24790
987776655521 _ 7 _ 11122333455666789
_ _ 9900
776655444332110 _ 8 _ 122244455789
999998888 _ _
98877753320 _ 9 _ 223577780
_ 10 _ 00
#AAI
,,APP5DIX ;,A ,,-B9,NS ,,( ,N#BC
,,TYPE-=M1 ,,ALPHABETIC1 ,,&
,,CAPITALIZ,N ,,9DICATORS
,,L[]-CASE ,,LRS
@(PAGE #208@)
,SANS]IF3 ,*ANGE BRL TO3
,.; (6, 46, 56)
,,CAPITALIZ$ ,,LRS
,SANS]IF3 ,*ANGE BRL TO3
,.;, (6, 46, 56, 6)
#ABJ
,,APP5DIX ;,B--,,9DEX ,,( ,N#BD
,,BRL ,,SYMBOLS
@(PAGE #219@)
,*ANGE PR9T PAGE NUMB] = ,HEBREW TSADI
F #152 TO #24_2 S+LE 9TEGRAL PR9T PAGE
NUMB] F #25 TO #122_4 ,ADD PR9T PAGE #25
= ,RUSSIAN Y]IH4
@(PAGE #238@)
,*ANGE BRL EXAMPLE = 8,EMPTY ,SET0
TO3
_0 (456, 356)
-----------------------------------,N#BE
,,G5]AL ,,9DEX
@(PAGE #249@)
,! LA/ COLUMN AT ! BOTTOM (! PAGE1 "U
8,EMPTY ,SET0 ! ITEM 8,RUNOV]S 9 '''
@,S#195B, PAGE #206_0 %D 2 LI/$ Z ! LA/
ITEM "U 8,5CLOS$ ,LI/04 (,IT IS "U !
WR;G CATEGORY4)
#ABA
@(PAGE #251@) A,N#BE
,! PAGE REF];E = 8,M9UTES0 %D 2 #156,
N #172_4
,,! ,,5D
#ABB