Louis Braille and the Braille System

Braille Charts

History

• Louis Braille and the Braille System
• Louis Braille information from The New York Institute for the Blind
• Louis Braille information from the American Foundation for the Blind
• Early Braille Translators and Embossers
• Timeline for Duxbury Systems

North American Braille

• Basics of North American Braille by David Holladay and Jesse Kaysen
• The Braille System
• Publications about North American Braille from the BANA website
• A web-based course on North American braille is available from Braille Through Remote Learning at www.brl.org

Braille Around the World

• Unified English Braille Code (UEB) Research Project
• British Braille (BAUK Publications List)
• French Braille
• German Braille
• World Braille Usage, 1990 (UNESCO and NLS)

Mathematics and Science Braille Systems

• Mathematics and Science Braille Systems from around the world
• Resources on Nemeth Braille from Susan Osterhaus

Music Braille

• Publications about Music Braille from the BANA website

Papers by Joseph Sullivan, President of Duxbury Systems

• SGML, Braille and UBC March 1993
• "What the Future Holds for Braille," paper given at the Asian & Pacific Regional Seminar on Information Technology for Visually Impaired Persons, Hong Kong, China, December 1996.
• "A Perspective on Braille Unification," paper given at the 10th World Conference of the International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment, São Paulo, Brazil, August, 1997.
• "Braille Becomes Electric: The Trials and Triumphs of Braille Translation Software" paper published in the July 2009 issue of the AFB Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness
• "Unifying Braille: Louis Braille's Vision in Tomorrow's World," paper prepared for presentation at the Celebration of the Bicentenary of Louis Braille's birth at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, January 2009.